| JavaServer Pages (JSP) 1.0 |
|---|
<%"
and end with "%>". For example, here is a section
of a JSP page that results in something like "Thanks for
ordering Core Web Programming" for a URL of
http://host/OrderConfirmation.jsp?title=Core+Web+Programming:
Thanks for ordering
<I><%= request.getParameter("title") %></I>
You normally give your file a .jsp extension, and typically
install it in any place you could place a normal Web page. Although what
you write often looks more like a regular HTML file
than a servlet, behind the scenes, the JSP page just gets converted
to a normal servlet, with the static HTML simply being printed
to the output stream associated with the servlet's service
method. This is normally done the first time the page is requested,
and developers can simply request the page themselves when first
installing it if they want to be sure that the first real user
doesn't get a momentary delay when the JSP page is translated
to a servlet and the servlet is compiled and loaded.
Note also that many Web servers let you define
aliases that so that a URL that appears to reference an HTML file
really points to a servlet or JSP page.
Aside from the regular HTML, there are three main types of
JSP constructs that you embed in a page: scripting elements,
directives, and actions. Scripting elements let you
specify Java code that will become part of the
resultant servlet, directives let you control the overall
structure of the servlet, and actions let you
specify existing components that should be used,
and otherwise control the behavior of the JSP engine. To
simplify the scripting elements, you have access to a number of
predefined variables such as request in the snippet above.
Note that this tutorial covers version 1.0 of the JSP specification. JSP has changed dramatically since version 0.92, and although these changes were almost entirely for the better, you should note that version 1.0 JSP pages are almost totally incompatible with the earlier JSP engines.
| JSP Element | Syntax | Interpretation | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| JSP Expression | <%= expression %> | Expression is evaluated and placed in output. | XML equivalent is<jsp:expression>. Predefined variables
are request, response,
out, session, application,
config, and pageContext
(available in scriptlets also).
|
| JSP Scriptlet | <% code %> | Code is inserted in service method.
| XML equivalent is<jsp:scriptlet>.
|
| JSP Declaration | <%! code %> | Code is inserted in body of servlet class,
outside of service method.
| XML equivalent is<jsp:declaration>.
|
JSP page Directive
| <%@ page att="val" %> | Directions to the servlet engine about general setup. | XML equivalent is<jsp:directive.page att="val"\>.
Legal attributes, with default values in bold, are:
|
JSP include Directive
| <%@ include file="url" %> | A file on the local system to be included when the JSP page is translated into a servlet. | XML equivalent is<jsp:directive.include.The URL must be a relative one. Use the jsp:include action to include a file at
request time instead of translation time.
|
| JSP Comment | <%-- comment --%> | Comment; ignored when JSP page is translated into servlet. | If you want a comment in the resultant HTML, use regular
HTML comment syntax of
<-- comment -->.
|
The jsp:include Action
| <jsp:include
page="relative URL"
flush="true"/>
| Includes a file at the time the page is requested. | If you want to include the file at the time the page
is translated, use the page directive with the
include attribute instead. Warning: on some servers,
the included file must be an HTML file or JSP file, as determined by the
server (usually based on the file extension).
|
The jsp:useBean Action
| <jsp:useBean att=val*/> or<jsp:useBean att=val*>
| Find or build a Java Bean. | Possible attributes are:
|
The jsp:setProperty Action
| <jsp:setProperty att=val*/> | Set bean properties, either explicitly or by designating that value comes from a request parameter. | Legal attributes are
|
The jsp:getProperty Action
| <jsp:getProperty
name="propertyName"
value="val"/>
| Retrieve and output bean properties. | |
The jsp:forward Action
| <jsp:forward
page="relative URL"/>
| Forwards request to another page. | |
The jsp:plugin Action
|
<jsp:plugin
attribute="value"*>
...
</jsp:plugin>
| Generates OBJECT or EMBED tags,
as appropriate to the browser
type, asking that an applet be run using the Java Plugin.
|
The one minor exception to the "template text is passed straight through"
rule is that, if you want to have "<%" in
the output, you need to put "<\%" in the template text.
<%= expression %>
that are evaluated and inserted into the output,
<% code %>
that are inserted into the servlet's
service method, and
<%! code %>
that are inserted into the body of the servlet class,
outside of any existing methods.
<%= Java Expression %>The Java expression is evaluated, converted to a string, and inserted in the page. This evaluation is performed at run-time (when the page is requested), and thus has full access to information about the request. For example, the following shows the date/time that the page was requested:
Current time: <%= new java.util.Date() %>To simplify these expressions, there are a number of predefined variables that you can use. These implicit objects are discussed in more detail later, but for the purpose of expressions, the most important ones are:
request, the HttpServletRequest;
response, the HttpServletResponse;
session, the HttpSession associated
with the request (if any); and
out, the PrintWriter
(a buffered version of type JspWriter) used to send
output to the client.
Your hostname: <%= request.getRemoteHost() %>Finally, note that XML authors can use an alternative syntax for JSP expressions:
<jsp:expression> Java Expression </jsp:expression>Remember that XML elements, unlike HTML ones, are case sensitive. So be sure to use lowercase.
<% Java Code %>Scriptlets have access to the same automatically defined variables as expressions. So, for example, if you want output to appear in the resultant page, you would use the
out variable.
<%
String queryData = request.getQueryString();
out.println("Attached GET data: " + queryData);
%>
Note that code inside a scriptlet gets inserted exactly
as written, and any static HTML (template text) before or after
a scriptlet gets converted to print statements. This
means that scriptlets need not contain complete Java statements,
and blocks left open can affect the static HTML outside of
the scriptlets. For example, the following JSP fragment, containing
mixed template text and scriptlets
<% if (Math.random() < 0.5) { %>
Have a <B>nice</B> day!
<% } else { %>
Have a <B>lousy</B> day!
<% } %>
will get converted to something like:
if (Math.random() < 0.5) {
out.println("Have a <B>nice</B> day!");
} else {
out.println("Have a <B>lousy</B> day!");
}
If you want to use the characters "%>" inside
a scriptlet, enter "%\>" instead. Finally,
note that the XML equivalent of <% Code %>
is
<jsp:scriptlet> Code </jsp:scriptlet>
service method processing the request). It has
the following form:
<%! Java Code %>Since declarations do not generate any output, they are normally used in conjunction with JSP expressions or scriptlets. For example, here is a JSP fragment that prints out the number of times the current page has been requested since the server booted (or the servlet class was changed and reloaded):
<%! private int accessCount = 0; %> Accesses to page since server reboot: <%= ++accessCount %>As with scriptlets, if you want to use the characters "
%>",
enter "%\>" instead. Finally,
note that the XML equivalent of <%! Code %>
is
<jsp:declaration> Code </jsp:declaration>
<%@ directive attribute="value" %>However, you can also combine multiple attribute settings for a single directive, as follows:
<%@ directive attribute1="value1"
attribute2="value2"
...
attributeN="valueN" %>
There are two main types of directive: page,
which lets you do things like import classes, customize
the servlet superclass, and the like; and include,
which lets you insert a file into the servlet class
at the time the JSP file is translated into a servlet.
The specification also mentions the taglib directive,
which is not supported in JSP version 1.0, but is intended to
let JSP authors define their own tags. It is expected that this
will be the main new contribution of JSP 1.1.
page Directivepage directive lets you define one or more of the following
case-sensitive attributes:
import="package.class" or
import="package.class1,...,package.classN".
This lets you specify what packages should be imported.
For example:<%@ page import="java.util.*" %>import attribute is the only one that is allowed
to appear multiple times.
contentType="MIME-Type" or contentType="MIME-Type; charset=Character-Set"text/html. For example, the directive
<%@ page contentType="text/plain" %><% response.setContentType("text/plain"); %>
isThreadSafe="true|false". A value of
true (the default) indicates normal servlet processing,
where multiple requests can be processed simultaneously with a
single servlet instance, under the assumption
that the author synchronized access to instance variables.
A value of false indicates that the servlet should
implement SingleThreadModel, with requests either delivered
serially or with simultaneous requests being given separate
servlet instances.
session="true|false". A value of
true (the default) indicates that the predefined
variable session (of type HttpSession)
should be bound to the existing session if one exists,
otherwise a new session should be created and bound to it.
A value of false indicates that no sessions will be used,
and attempts to access the variable session will
result in errors at the time the JSP page is translated
into a servlet.
buffer="sizekb|none". This specifies the buffer
size for the JspWriter out.
The default is server-specific, but must be at least 8kb.
autoflush="true|false". A value of true,
the default, indicates that the buffer should be flushed
when it is full. A value of false, rarely used, indicates
that an exception should be thrown when the buffer overflows.
A value of false is illegal when also using
buffer="none".
extends="package.class". This indicates the superclass
of servlet that will be generated. Use this with extreme
caution, since the server may be using a custom superclass
already.
info="message". This defines a string that can
be retrieved via the getServletInfo method.
errorPage="url". This specifies a JSP page
that should process any Throwables thrown but not caught
in the current page.
isErrorPage="true|false". This indicates whether
or not the current page can act as the error page for
another JSP page. The default is false.
language="java". At some point, this is
intended to specify the underlying language being used.
For now, don't bother with this since java is both the
default and the only legal choice.
<jsp:directive.directiveType attribute=value />For example, the XML equivalent of
<%@ page import="java.util.*" %>is
<jsp:directive.page import="java.util.*" />
include Directive<%@ include file="relative url" %>The URL specified is normally interpreted relative to the JSP page that refers to it, but, as with relative URLs in general, you can tell the system to interpret the URL relative to the home directory of the Web server by starting the URL with a forward slash. The contents of the included file are parsed as regular JSP text, and thus can include static HTML, scripting elements, directives, and actions.
For example, many sites include a small navigation bar on each page.
Due to problems with HTML frames, this is usually implemented
by way of a small table across the top of the page or down the left-hand side,
with the HTML repeated for each page in the site. The include
directive is a natural way of doing this, saving the developers from the maintenance
nightmare of actually copying the HTML into each separate file. Here's some
representative code:
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>Servlet Tutorial: JavaServer Pages (JSP) 1.0</TITLE>
<META NAME="author" CONTENT="webmaster@somesite.com">
<META NAME="keywords" CONTENT="...">
<META NAME="description" CONTENT="...">
<LINK REL=STYLESHEET
HREF="Site-Styles.css"
TYPE="text/css">
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<%@ include file="/navbar.html" %>
<!-- Part specific to this page ... -->
</BODY>
</HTML>
Note that since the include directive inserts the files at the
time the page is translated, if the navigation bar changes, you need to
re-translate all the JSP pages that refer to it. This is
a good compromise in a situation like this, since the navigation bar probably
changes infrequently, and you want the inclusion process to be as efficient as possible.
If, however, the included files changed more often, you could
use the jsp:include action instead. This includes the file
at the time the JSP page is requested, and is discussed
in the tutorial section on JSP actions.
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>Using JavaServer Pages</TITLE>
<META NAME="author" CONTENT="Marty Hall -- hall@apl.jhu.edu">
<META NAME="keywords"
CONTENT="JSP,JavaServer Pages,servlets">
<META NAME="description"
CONTENT="A quick example of the four main JSP tags.">
<LINK REL=STYLESHEET
HREF="My-Style-Sheet.css"
TYPE="text/css">
</HEAD>
<BODY BGCOLOR="#FDF5E6" TEXT="#000000" LINK="#0000EE"
VLINK="#551A8B" ALINK="#FF0000">
<CENTER>
<TABLE BORDER=5 BGCOLOR="#EF8429">
<TR><TH CLASS="TITLE">
Using JavaServer Pages</TABLE>
</CENTER>
<P>
Some dynamic content created using various JSP mechanisms:
<UL>
<LI><B>Expression.</B><BR>
Your hostname: <%= request.getRemoteHost() %>.
<LI><B>Scriptlet.</B><BR>
<% out.println("Attached GET data: " +
request.getQueryString()); %>
<LI><B>Declaration (plus expression).</B><BR>
<%! private int accessCount = 0; %>
Accesses to page since server reboot: <%= ++accessCount %>
<LI><B>Directive (plus expression).</B><BR>
<%@ page import = "java.util.*" %>
Current date: <%= new Date() %>
</UL>
</BODY>
</HTML>
Here's a typical result:
request, response,
out, session, application,
config, pageContext, and
page. Details for each are given below.
HttpServletRequest associated with the request,
and lets you look at the request parameters
(via getParameter), the request type
(GET, POST, HEAD, etc.),
and the incoming HTTP headers (cookies, Referer, etc.).
Strictly speaking, request is allowed to be a
subclass of ServletRequest other than
HttpServletRequest, if the protocol in the request
is something other than HTTP. This is almost never done
in practice.
HttpServletResponse associated with the
response to the client. Note that, since the output stream
(see out below) is buffered, it is legal to set HTTP
status codes and response headers, even though this is not
permitted in regular servlets once any output has been sent
to the client.
PrintWriter used to send output to the client.
However, in order to make the response object (see the
previous section) useful, this is a buffered version
of PrintWriter called JspWriter.
Note that you can adjust the buffer size, or even turn buffering off,
through use of the buffer attribute of the
page directive. This was
discussed in Section 5.
Also note that out is used almost exclusively in
scriptlets, since JSP expressions automatically
get placed in the output stream, and thus
rarely need to refer to out explicitly.
HttpSession object associated with the request.
Recall that sessions are created automatically, so this
variable is bound even if there was no incoming session
reference. The one exception is if you use the
session attribute of the
page directive
(see Section 5) to turn sessions off, in which
case attempts to reference the session variable
cause errors at the time the JSP page is translated into
a servlet.
ServletContext as obtained via
getServletConfig().getContext().
ServletConfig object for this page.
PageContext
to encapsulate use of server-specific
features like higher performance JspWriters. The idea
is that, if you access them through this class rather than
directly, your code will still run on "regular"
servlet/JSP engines.
this, and is not
very useful in Java. It was created as a placeholder for
the time when the scripting language could be something
other than Java.
jsp:include - Include a file at the time the page is requested.
See Section 8.1.
jsp:useBean - Find or instantiate a JavaBean.
See Section 8.2 for an overview,
and Section 8.3 for details.
jsp:setProperty - Set the property of a JavaBean.
See Section 8.4.
jsp:getProperty - Insert the property of a JavaBean into the output.
See Section 8.5.
jsp:forward - Forward the requester to a new page.
See Section 8.6.
jsp:plugin - Generate browser-specific code that makes
an OBJECT or EMBED tag for the Java plugin.
See Section 8.7.
jsp:include Action<jsp:include page="relative URL" flush="true" />Unlike the include directive, which inserts the file at the time the JSP page is translated into a servlet, this action inserts the file at the time the page is requested. This pays a small penalty in efficiency, and precludes the included page from containing general JSP code (it cannot set HTTP headers, for example), but it gains significantly in flexibility. For example, here is a JSP page that inserts four different snippets into a "What's New?" Web page. Each time the headlines change, authors only need to update the four files, but can leave the main JSP page unchanged.
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>What's New</TITLE>
<LINK REL=STYLESHEET
HREF="My-Style-Sheet.css"
TYPE="text/css">
</HEAD>
<BODY BGCOLOR="#FDF5E6" TEXT="#000000" LINK="#0000EE"
VLINK="#551A8B" ALINK="#FF0000">
<CENTER>
<TABLE BORDER=5 BGCOLOR="#EF8429">
<TR><TH CLASS="TITLE">
What's New at JspNews.com</TABLE>
</CENTER>
<P>
Here is a summary of our four most recent news stories:
<OL>
<LI><jsp:include page="news/Item1.html" flush="true"/>
<LI><jsp:include page="news/Item2.html" flush="true"/>
<LI><jsp:include page="news/Item3.html" flush="true"/>
<LI><jsp:include page="news/Item4.html" flush="true"/>
</OL>
</BODY>
</HTML>
Here's a typical result:
jsp:useBean Action<jsp:useBean id="name" class="package.class" />This usually means "instantiate an object of the class specified by
class,
and bind it to a variable with the name specified by id." However, as
we'll see shortly, you can specify a scope attribute that makes the bean
associated with more than just the current page. In that case, it is useful
to obtain references to existing beans, and the jsp:useBean action specifies
that a new object is instantiated only if there is no existing one
with the same id and scope. Now, once you have a bean,
you can modify its properties via jsp:setProperty, or by using
a scriptlet and calling a method explicitly on the object with the variable
name specified earlier via the id attribute. Recall that with
beans, when you say "this bean has a property of typeX called
foo", you really mean "this class has a method called getFoo
that returns something of type X, and another method called
setFoo that takes an X as an argument." The jsp:setProperty
action is discussed in more detail in the next section, but for now note that you
can either supply an explicit value, give a param attribute to say that the
value is derived from the named request parameter, or just list the property to
indicate that the value should be derived from the request parameter with the
same name as the property. You read existing properties in a JSP expression
or scriptlet by calling the appropriate getXxx method,
or more commonly, by using the jsp:getProperty
action.
Note that the class specified for the bean must be in the server's
regular class path, not the part reserved for classes that
get automatically reloaded when they change. For example, in the Java Web Server, it and all
the classes it uses should go in the classes directory or be
in a jar file in the lib directory, not be in
the servlets directory.
Here is a very simple example that loads a bean and sets/gets a
simple String parameter.
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>Reusing JavaBeans in JSP</TITLE>
<LINK REL=STYLESHEET
HREF="My-Style-Sheet.css"
TYPE="text/css">
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<CENTER>
<TABLE BORDER=5>
<TR><TH CLASS="TITLE">
Reusing JavaBeans in JSP</TABLE>
</CENTER>
<P>
<jsp:useBean id="test" class="hall.SimpleBean" />
<jsp:setProperty name="test"
property="message"
value="Hello WWW" />
<H1>Message: <I>
<jsp:getProperty name="test" property="message" />
</I></H1>
</BODY>
</HTML>
package hall;
public class SimpleBean {
private String message = "No message specified";
public String getMessage() {
return(message);
}
public void setMessage(String message) {
this.message = message;
}
}
Here's a typical result:
jsp:useBean Details <jsp:useBean id="name" class="package.class" />
jsp:setProperty
and jsp:getProperty to modify and retrieve bean properties.
However, there are two other options. First, you can use the container format, namely <jsp:useBean ...>
Body
</jsp:useBean>jsp:useBean statements
result in a new bean being instantiated. Second, in addition
to id and class, there are three other attributes that you can
use: scope, type, and beanName. These
attributes are summarized in the following table.
| Atribute | Usage |
|---|---|
id
| Gives a name to the variable that will reference the bean. A
previous bean object is used instead of instantiating a new one
if one can be found with the same id
and scope.
|
class
| Designates the full package name of the bean. |
scope
| Indicates the context in which the bean should be made available.
There are four possible values: page,
request, session, and application.
The default, page, indicates that the bean is only available on the current
page (stored in the PageContext of the current page). A value of request
indicates that the bean is only available for the current client request
(stored in the ServletRequest object). A value of session indicates
that the object is available to all pages during the life of the current
HttpSession. Finally, a value of application indicates that it is
available to all pages that share the same ServletContext. The reason
that the scope matters is that a jsp:useBean entry will only result
in a new object being instantiated if there is no previous object
with the same id and scope. Otherwise the previously existing object
is used, and any jsp:setParameter elements or other entries between
the jsp:useBean start and end tags will be ignored.
|
type
| Specifies the type of the variable that will refer to the object.
This must match the classname or be a superclass or an interface that
the class implements.
Remember that the name of the variable is designated via the
id attribute.
|
beanName
| Gives the name of the bean, as you would supply it to the instantiate
method of Beans. It is permissible to supply a type and a
beanName, and omit the class attribute.
|
jsp:setProperty Actionjsp:setProperty to give values to properties of beans that
have been referenced earlier. You can do this in two contexts. First, you can
use jsp:setProperty after, but outside of, a
jsp:useBean element, as below:
<jsp:useBean id="myName" ... />
...
<jsp:setProperty name="myName"
property="someProperty" ... />
In this case, the jsp:setProperty is executed regardless of
whether a new bean was instantiated or an existing bean was found.
A second context in which jsp:setProperty can appear
is inside the body of a jsp:useBean element, as below:
<jsp:useBean id="myName" ... >
...
<jsp:setProperty name="myName"
property="someProperty" ... />
</jsp:useBean>
Here, the jsp:setProperty is executed only if a
new object was instantiated, not if an existing one was found.
There are four possible attributes of jsp:setProperty:
| Attribute | Usage |
|---|---|
name
| This required attribute designates the bean whose property
will be set. The jsp:useBean element must appear before
the jsp:setProperty element.
|
property
| This required attribute indicates the property you want to set. However, there is
one special case: a value of "*" means that all request parameters
whose names match bean property names will be passed to the
appropriate setter methods.
|
value
| This optional attribute specifies the value for the property.
String values are automatically converted to numbers, boolean,
Boolean, byte, Byte, char,
and Character via the standard valueOf method
in the target or wrapper class. For example, a value
of "true" for a boolean or Boolean
property will be converted via Boolean.valueOf, and a value
of "42" for an int or Integer property will be
converted via Integer.valueOf. You can't use both value
and param, but it is permissible to use neither. See the discussion of
param below.
|
param
| This optional attribute designates the request parameter from which
the property should be derived. If the current request has no such
parameter, nothing is done: the system does not pass null to
the setter method of the property. Thus, you can let the bean itself supply
default values, overriding them only when the request parameters say to
do so. For example, the following snippet says "set the numberOfItems
property to whatever the value of the numItems request parameter is, if
there is such a request parameter. Otherwise don't do anything."
<jsp:setProperty name="orderBean"
property="numberOfItems"
param="numItems" />
If you omit both value and param, it is the same as if you supplied
a param name that matches the property name.
You can take this idea of automatically using the request property
whose name matches the property one step further by supplying a property name of
"*" and omitting both value and param.
In this case, the server iterates through available properties and
request parameters, matching up ones with identical names.
|
numDigits in the request data, it is passed
into the bean's numDigits property. Likewise for numPrimes.
NumberedPrimes bean referenced by the jsp:useBean
element. Browse the source code directory
for other Java classes used by NumberedPrimes.
The best way to try it out on-line is to start with
the HTML page that acts as a front end to it.
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>Reusing JavaBeans in JSP</TITLE>
<LINK REL=STYLESHEET
HREF="My-Style-Sheet.css"
TYPE="text/css">
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<CENTER>
<TABLE BORDER=5>
<TR><TH CLASS="TITLE">
Reusing JavaBeans in JSP</TABLE>
</CENTER>
<P>
<jsp:useBean id="primeTable" class="hall.NumberedPrimes" />
<jsp:setProperty name="primeTable" property="numDigits" />
<jsp:setProperty name="primeTable" property="numPrimes" />
Some <jsp:getProperty name="primeTable" property="numDigits" />
digit primes:
<jsp:getProperty name="primeTable" property="numberedList" />
</BODY>
</HTML>
Here's a typical result:
jsp:getProperty Action
<jsp:useBean id="itemBean" ... />
...
<UL>
<LI>Number of items:
<jsp:getProperty name="itemBean" property="numItems" />
<LI>Cost of each:
<jsp:getProperty name="itemBean" property="unitCost" />
</UL>
jsp:forward Actionpage, which should consist of a relative URL. This could
be a static value, or could be computed at request time, as in the two
examples below.
<jsp:forward page="/utils/errorReporter.jsp" /> <jsp:forward page="<%= someJavaExpression %>" />
jsp:plugin ActionOBJECT or
EMBED element needed to specify that the browser run an applet
using the Java plugin.
| Syntax | Purpose |
|---|---|
<%-- comment --%> | A JSP comment. Ignored by JSP-to-scriptlet translator. Any embedded JSP scripting elements, directives, or actions are ignored. |
<!-- comment --> | An HTML comment. Passed through to resultant HTML. Any embedded JSP scripting elements, directives, or actions are executed normally. |
<\% | Used in template text (static HTML) where you really want
"<%".
|
%\> | Used in scripting elements where you really want
"%>".
|
\' | A single quote in an attribute that uses single quotes. Remember, however, that you can use either single or double quotes, and the other type of quote will then be a regular character. |
\" | A double quote in an attribute that uses double quotes. Remember, however, that you can use either single or double quotes, and the other type of quote will then be a regular character. |
%\> | %> in an attribute.
|
<\% | <% in an attribute.
|